Here we use high-precision carbon isotope data (δ13C-CO2) to show atmospheric CO2during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4, ~70.5-59 ka) was controlled by a succession of millennial-scale processes. Enriched δ13C-CO2during peak glaciation suggests increased ocean carbon storage. Variations in δ13C-CO2in early MIS 4 suggest multiple processes were active during CO2drawdown, potentially including decreased land carbon and decreased Southern Ocean air-sea gas exchange superposed on increased ocean carbon storage. CO2remained low during MIS 4 while δ13C-CO2fluctuations suggest changes in Southern Ocean and North Atlantic air-sea gas exchange. A 7 ppm increase in CO2at the onset of Dansgaard-Oeschger event 19 (72.1 ka) and 27 ppm increase in CO2during late MIS 4 (Heinrich Stadial 6, ~63.5-60 ka) involved additions of isotopically light carbon to the atmosphere. The terrestrial biosphere and Southern Ocean air-sea gas exchange are possible sources, with the latter event also involving decreased ocean carbon storage.
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Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y. ; Pollack, Richard J. ; Reed, David L. ; Barker, Stephen C. ; Gordon, Shirley ; Toloza, Ariel C. ; Picollo, Maria I. ; Taylan‐Ozkan, Aysegul ; Chosidow, Olivier ; Habedank, Birgit ; et al ( , International Journal of Dermatology)
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Starr, Aidan ; Hall, Ian R. ; Barker, Stephen ; Rackow, Thomas ; Zhang, Xu ; Hemming, Sidney R. ; van der Lubbe, H. J. ; Knorr, Gregor ; Berke, Melissa A. ; Bigg, Grant R. ; et al ( , Nature)null (Ed.)
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Pedro, Joel B. ; Jochum, Markus ; Buizert, Christo ; He, Feng ; Barker, Stephen ; Rasmussen, Sune O. ( , Quaternary Science Reviews)
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Schaefer, Joerg M. ; Putnam, Aaron E. ; Denton, George H. ; Kaplan, Michael R. ; Birkel, Sean ; Doughty, Alice M. ; Kelley, Sam ; Barrell, David J.A. ; Finkel, Robert C. ; Winckler, Gisela ; et al ( , Quaternary Science Reviews)